Transmission
The transmission is the physical way through which the information flows exchanged between the various devices from the home automation network. Usually the systems support multiple types of transmission, in this cases there is the need for the use of gateways to connect each other. The main transmissions that are used in home automation is wiring, metal grid, fiber optic, infrared and radio frequency. Will be detailed below the transmissions used by the common protocols:
The transmission is the physical way through which the information flows exchanged between the various devices from the home automation network. Usually the systems support multiple types of transmission, in this cases there is the need for the use of gateways to connect each other. The main transmissions that are used in home automation is wiring, metal grid, fiber optic, infrared and radio frequency. Will be detailed below the transmissions used by the common protocols:
- Wiring
Use an own metal wiring as support for the transmission of control signals (and sometimes also for power modules and transmission of voice signals). This transmission is mainly used in telephone networks, the distribution of audio-video signals, high-fidelity sound and data. Are commonly used copper twisted pair (Ethernet or bus EIB networks), can also be used coaxial cables to allow higher transmission speeds. The main advantages is the high reliability and good speed transmission. On the other hand this type of transmission involves a high cost of implementation, especially in homes already built, because it needs is own cables, in many cases it is necessary to re-pierce the walls. In the case of using metal wire as the physical communication we must take into account the network topology. This may be a bus topology, star, ring, tree or mixed. KNX systems use this communication.
Use an own metal wiring as support for the transmission of control signals (and sometimes also for power modules and transmission of voice signals). This transmission is mainly used in telephone networks, the distribution of audio-video signals, high-fidelity sound and data. Are commonly used copper twisted pair (Ethernet or bus EIB networks), can also be used coaxial cables to allow higher transmission speeds. The main advantages is the high reliability and good speed transmission. On the other hand this type of transmission involves a high cost of implementation, especially in homes already built, because it needs is own cables, in many cases it is necessary to re-pierce the walls. In the case of using metal wire as the physical communication we must take into account the network topology. This may be a bus topology, star, ring, tree or mixed. KNX systems use this communication.
- Electric Network
It uses the existing electrical network in a home. By inserting the high-frequency signals we are able to modulate the current grid without interfering with the usual electrical appliances. This type of transportation has the advantage of the low cost of installation and is easily used in homes already built. Its biggest disadvantage is the low transmission speed associated with a reduced reliability and strong potential for interference and noise (solved by the use of filters). This is the main mode of transmission used in the X-10 systems.
It uses the existing electrical network in a home. By inserting the high-frequency signals we are able to modulate the current grid without interfering with the usual electrical appliances. This type of transportation has the advantage of the low cost of installation and is easily used in homes already built. Its biggest disadvantage is the low transmission speed associated with a reduced reliability and strong potential for interference and noise (solved by the use of filters). This is the main mode of transmission used in the X-10 systems.
- RF
Transmission by RF features a greater flexibility in controlling with distance, the signal can overcome walls and other obstacles. This type of transmission is very sensitive to electromagnetic interference and has a very low transmission speed and is usually used in remote controls that require great mobility. The Z-Wave systems use this transmission.
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